Blockchain is not a technological illusion. It constitutes an authentic innovation in the field of distributed systems, introducing robust mechanisms for consensus, traceability and auditability without a single central authority. To reduce blockchain to a mere trend would therefore be an analytical error. However, the rapid expansion of this technology into the fields of digital […]
Private sector development is critical to generate employment, investment, innovation, and productivity growth. When the business environment is supportive, firms are better able to expand production, adopt new technologies, hire workers, and contribute to the tax revenues needed for public investment. However, when the business environment is weak, firms face higher costs, greater uncertainty, and […]
In a world marked by deregulation and intensifying economic competition, Europe seeks to promote a model combining growth and environmental sustainability. However, this leaves companies facing a delicate balancing act: to survive in the marketplace, they must remain competitive while meeting the environmental objectives imposed upon them. In this context, some less scrupulous organisations choose […]
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has redrawn the boundaries of strategy consulting. Work that once absorbed weeks of interviews, modelling and slide production can now be completed in hours. Market scans, competitor benchmarks, scenario drafts and even polished strategy narratives are no longer scarce outputs. The productivity gain is not marginal but is a structural shift […]
Start-ups and SMEs are regularly presented as drivers of growth, innovation and employment. However, despite a decade of support policies and a now mature entrepreneurial ecosystem, their growth momentum seems to be slowing down in France and Europe. This observation calls for a rethink of the levers of public action and the financing models designed […]
In many respects, the invention of artificial intelligence (AI) is comparable to that of the printing press, insofar as it embodies a revolution that transcends all spheres of society, from the economy to politics and medicine. While it is undeniable that AI now plays a central role, a debate is emerging regarding its use and […]
Gender equality in the CAC 40 is often presented as a success. Yet, behind the visible progress, particularly on boards of directors, there remain profound imbalances in real access to power. Drawing on data from the SKEMA Observatory on Corporate Feminisation and research by Michel Ferrary (Professor of Management at the University of Geneva, and Affiliate […]
For several years, France has been hosting many of the world’s most high-profile major events. The Olympic and Paralympic Games, international sporting competitions, as well as major cultural and technological gatherings, regularly place Paris, French cities and territories under the global spotlight, before millions of spectators and visitors. Yet, in an information environment dominated by […]
Introduction The Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CS3D) was adopted by the European Parliament on 24 April 2024 and formally approved by the European Council on 24 May 2024. However, its scope was significantly reduced following a new vote in the European Parliament on Thursday 13 November 2025. It is worth noting that this narrowing […]
Introduction The awarding of COP28 to the Emirates by the UNFCCC Secretariat allowed a whole country, perhaps a whole region, to be greenwashed. As illustrated by this quote from an article published in The Nation in December 2023, there is a common misconception that Gulf countries engage in greenwashing. However, the aim of this note […]
